Dünya Düzenleri ve Güvenlik: Ulus-Devlet Güvenlik Anlayışı Aşılıyor mu?
H.Tarık OĞUZLU
Asst. Prof., Ph.D., Bilkent University, Department of International Relations.
Pages 1 – 35 (35)
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the kinds of world systems and the nature of security. In doing this, it focuses on two alternative world systems; one is the world system based on the primacy of nation-states and the other is the world system that transcends the nation-state system. The main contention of the article is that the way security is conceptualized differs from one system to the other. The question is to what extent the ongoing globalization process has challenged the way security is defined in the nation-state based international system. The article argues that analyzing the security conceptualizations of the United States and the European Union in a comparative way might help reveal the extent to which the security understanding of the nation-state based international system has been transformed into a new one that exalts individuals as the main referent of security. The article also argues that while the United States has still been defining its security through the perspective of the nation-state ideology, the European Union is a more suitable example to the emerging security understanding that privileges individuals over states. However, this should not be taken at face value, for the post-9/11 era developments have not proven promising for the transformation of the security understanding as radical as espoused within the EU.
Key Words: Nation-State, World System, Security, USA, European Union.
21’inci Yüzyılda Güvenlik Alanının Yeni Sivil Aktörleri: Özel Askeri Şirketler ve Kontratçı Firmalar
Sait YILMAZ
Asst. Prof., Ph.D., Lecturer, Beykent University.
Pages 43 – 70 (28)
Abstract
The Private Military Companies (PMCs) and the Contracting Firms (CFs) are defined as the incorporations to provide logistics, manpower and other services for the military. Those incorporations serve for the various public and private customers in a wide security arena and become increasingly widespread. Post-September 11th era has been milestone for these incorporations in course of the war waged by the U.S. to terrorism and rouge states and has overlapped the demand for these incorporations in a great pace. In Iraq operation, while the world has been watching U.S. and British soldiers, they manage the missions they committed silently and effectively. Turkey also has a great functional field to make use of the PMCs/CFs. That will ensure tremendous contribution for the armed forces in terms of effective use of the manpower and other resources.
Key Words: Company, Security, Defense, Logistics, Intelligence.
Rakipsiz Kalan Güç Kendini Yok Eder: ABD İmparatorluğu
İlhami Binali DEĞİRMENCİOĞLU
Major.
Pages 71 – 92 (22)
Abstract
After the end of World War II, USA took over the leadership of the world from the Great Britain. As a leader of the free world, USA played primary role against the danger of the USSR. USA followed the strategy based coalitions with the institutions like UN, IMF and World Bank in which it had been the leading founder. Having become a super power after the Cold War, USA made changes in his strategy and acted more “unilaterally”. USA started to believe that it could achieve without the help of others. This new strategy is anathema to the other nations, because USA paid attention only for his own interest without respecting other nations’ interests and without considering the world problems like global poverty and warming. In order to fulfill its own global ambitions, USA has overwear the values, which had made USA a global power; because today there is no challenger or rival against it. Empire of USA started to fall and breakdown.
Key Words:USA, Hegemony, Empire, Wrong Policy, Fall from Power.
Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği Müzakere Sürecinde Yunanistan ile Olan Karasuları Sorunu
M.Melih BAŞDEMİR
AF Captain, Graduate of Air War Academy.
Pages 93 – 122 (30)
Abstract
The thousand years old adversary relations between Turkey and Greece have been brought in a highly different arena due to European Union’s intervention to these two countries’ problems. Turkey’s territorial waters problem is eminent in this process, since it is directly linked with Turkey’s sovereignty over the Aegean Sea. In this research, first, legal status of the problem has been clearly defined. Then, relations between two countries have been investigated within a historical perspective, and their theses have been objectively listed. Then, the problem have been evaluated with EU’s legal stances, and the options for solution have been laid, since Turkey’s journey toward the EU membership has seriously begun. At this point, Turkey’s relations with EU has been briefly examined within a historical perspective. Finally, possible ways of solution and polices which are consistent with the national interests have been offered.
Key Words: Aegean Sea, Territorial Waters, EU, Turkish-Greek Problems, Sea Law.
11 Eylül Sonrası ABD-İran İlişkileri ve Siyasi Boyutta Türkiye’ye Etkileri
Ersin ÇELİKKANAT
Captain, M.A. Candidate, Department of History of War and Strategy, Strategic Research Institute.
Pages 123 – 152 (30)
Abstract
Nowadays, it is still being discussed that what kind of policy Turkey, which had moved beyond expectations by not following a US-sided policy during Iraq occupation in the aftermath of September 11th, will follow during a possible US operation to Iran. In this article, the political results of US policy against Iran (a possible US target) and its results on Turkey as a neighboring country are examined. According to the findings obtained, Turkey has started to come forward as an important power in the Middle East after its threatening neighbors became ineffective. This process has been accelerated by the collapse of Saddam regime, the US pressure on Syria and the rapid, isolation of Iran in the international community. While these developments led Turkey to follow a more independent policy, they also pushed the US to be more cautious against Turkey. As a result of this study, it is concluded that in case of Iran’s breaking down Turkey will reach to an important stage in the way of being a regional power. Finally, it is observed that Turkey with a policy set in this direction, has an important bargaining chance against US.
Key Words: Turkey, USA, Iran, Regional Power.
Avrupa Birliği’nin Jeopolitik Güç Mücadelesine Türkiye’nin Tam Üyeliğinin Etkileri
İsmail DURAN and Orhan SEZGİN
AF Second Lieutenant, M.A. Candidate, Department of National and International Security Strategies, Strategic Research Institute.
Major, Lecturer, Department of International Relations, Strategic Research Institute.
Pages 153 – 187 (35)
Abstract
It is one of the most controversial question how the membership of Turkey that was given date on 17th December 2004 will effect the struggle of EU’s geopolitical power. Having an important geographical position, Turkey is on the crossing point connecting Europe, Balkans, Caucasus, Central Asia, Middle East and Mediterranean. At the same time, Turkey has cultural, historical and economic relations with these regions. With Turkey’s membership, EU will gain an effect to form stability in Caucasus, Central Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and Middle East and will increase its political weight in Balkans. After becoming a full member of EU, Turkey will take a role of a bridge to carry oil and gas from its neighboring countries to Europe; and by doing so, will raise the security of EU’s energy supply. Turkey will provide significant contributions to EU’s Security and Defense Policy with its experienced and technologically well-equipped army. With its large population and wide demand for consumption, it will also become a big market for EU. These factors that have good possibility to become true through the Turkey’s membership to the EU, will probably help EU to reach success against its rivals in the struggle for gaining the geopolitical power.
Key Words: Geopolitics, Struggle for Power, Central Asia, Caucasus, Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe, Common Foreign and Security Policy.
Avrupa Birliği Ülkelerinin Yetkilerini Güvenlik Gerekçesiyle Tümüyle Avrupa Birliği’ne Devretmedikleri Alanlar Üzerine Bir Çözümleme
Öner AKGÜL
M.A. Candidate, Department of International Relations, Strategic Research Institute.
Pages 189 – 218 (30)
Abstract
There is a close relation between sovereignty perception of a state and its perception for alienating of competence. The most significant dimension of this relationship is the security. Peculiarly, transfer of these competences is a security matter for a state, albeit security of it entails exclusively preserving of the national competences. Starting with the European Coal and Steel Community of 1951, the issue of alienating competence spilt over many fields, when the European countries are taken into consideration. The issue of transferring competence gained pace through establishment of European Economic Community by Rome Treaty of 1957. A great many of national competences were devolved to the legislative power of a supranational authority. The European integration which progressively amended till 1992, expanded the context of competence transferring. The limits of alienating competence of the nation-state was attained in conjunction with launching of the European Union by Maastricht Treaty of 1992. As a matter of fact, the three pillar system consisting ‘the European Communities’, ‘Common Foreign and Security Policy’ and ‘Justice and Home Affairs’ was named as “European Union (EU)”. The competences, such as foreign policy and home affairs, which concern directly the security of the state, have not been alienated to the EU. It has been determined that the decision in these fields is to be taken unanimously. Nonetheless, the policy fields such as taxation, defense industry, terror and many of the economic policies have been retained on the hand of the states exclusively as a reason of the security of state. The aim of this research is to bring up the matter in which of these competences are not be alienated to the supranational system. The attitude of the EU members on transfer of competence entails to alienating them restricted with the state security. Non-transferred competences are the consequences of state security reasons.
Key Words: Nation-State, European Union, European States, Security Reasons, Alienating of Competence.