Dugin’in Avrasyacılık Anlayışında Türkiye’nin Yeri
Selim KURT*
* Ph.D., Lecturer, Giresun University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of International Relations, e-mail: selim.kurt@giresun.edu.tr.
Geliş Tarihi/Received: 06.01.2019
Kabul Tarihi/Accepted: 01.08.2019
Pages 425 – 467 (43)
Abstract
Eurasianism, which is a movement of idea that emerged in time of crisis in Russia, gained influence in the Russian political thought at the end of the 1980s, when the USSR began to give signs of collapse. This understanding, which is called as New Eurasianism, has started to be mentioned with Alexander Dugin, who has made his voice heard outside of Russia and who has ability to direct Russian political elite. Essentially, Dugin’s idea of Eurasianism is based on the competition between “land” and “sea” powers, which he borrowed from Mackinder. Dugin, who claims that this competition has came into existence in the rivalry between Russia and the USA today, has argued that the formation of a Eurasian Empire, where Russian Empire take place in its center, is vital to gain the upper hand in this struggle. Although Dugin pointed out that Turkey was an important threat to Eurasianism project in his book titled as “Russian Geopolitics”, which he wrote at the end of 1990s, he has begun to mention to include Turkey to Eurasianism as a partner in the following process. However, historical geopolitical competition between the two countries, which expressed repeatedly by Dugin himself, stands as an obstacle in front of this partnership.
Keywords: Eurasianism, Neo-Eurasianism, Geopolitics, Russian Federation, Aleksandr Dugin.
Batı Avrupa’da Sol Tandanslı Terörizmin Yükselişinin ve Düşüşünün Arkasındaki Faktörler: Kızıl Ordu Fraksiyonu ve Kızıl Tugaylar Örnekleri
Göktuğ SÖNMEZ*
* Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Konya Necmettin Erbakan University, Department of International Relations; Director, Centre for Middle Eastern Strategic Studies, Security Studies,e-mail: goktugsonmez@gmail.com.
Geliş Tarihi/Received: 06.05.2018
Kabul Tarihi/Accepted: 22.01.2019
Pages 469 – 498 (28)
Abstract
The article discusses the rise and fall of the two famous left-wing terrorist groups, namely Rote Armee Fraktion and Brigate Rosse. After a brief discussion about left-wing extremism, following sections will focus on each group in more detail. After these sections, an analysis of commonalities and differences about their rise and fall will be presented. It is expected that a causal mechanism will be fleshed out not only regarding left-wing terrorist groups but also terrorist groups all around the world regardless of their particular mind-set, which can both open up space for future research and help devising more effective counter-terrorism strategies.
Keywords: Rote Armee Fraktion, Brigate Rosse, extreme-left terrorism, Stasi, KGB.
İsrail’in Savunma Stratejisi’nde Denizaltı Filosu’nun Rolü
Cenk ÖZGEN*
* Ph.D., Lecturer, Giresun University, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Science, Department of Political Sciences and Public Administration, e-mail: cenk.ozgen@giresun.edu.tr.
Geliş Tarihi/Received: 30.10.2018
Kabul Tarihi/Accepted: 16.05.2019
Pages 496 – 545 (49)
Abstract
In this study, it is aimed to examine the role of the Submarine Fleet in Israel’s Defence Strategy. One of the basic pillars of Israel's Defence Strategy is the principle of deterrence. The Submarine Fleet within the Israeli Navy that gives strategic depth is among the most critical elements of deterrence. In fact, Israel formed the Submarine Fleet in the late 1950s. However, the Fleet has received its current critical position in the late 1990s with the launch of the Dolphin Class submarines. The Dolphins, which stand out with silent running and superior maneuverability, are recognized as one of the world's most advanced solutions in the diesel-electric submarine category. But the main feature of the Dolphins is their capability to carry submarine-launched cruise missiles. Because there are reports that the Israeli Navy has modified the submarine-launched cruise missiles, called Popeye Turbo to carry nuclear warheads and more importantly, Dolphins are equipped with these systems. This brings the Submarine Fleet to a key role in terms of sea-based nuclear deterrence and second strike capability.
Keywords: Israel’s Defence Strategy, Submarine Fleet, Dolphin Class Submarine, Second Strike, Deterrence.
Deniz Taktik İşaretlerinin Yazılı İlk Kaynağı
Derya Şerif YARKIN* - Gökhan ATMACA**
* (Ret) Captain (Navy), ORCID: 0000-0003-2060-6301, e-mail: dsyarkin@gmail.com.
** Commander, Naval Museum, e-mail: gokhanatmaca@gmail.com.
Geliş Tarihi/Received: 24.02.2019
Kabul Tarihi/Accepted: 09.08.2019
Pages 547 – 564 (18)
Abstract
Effective, fast, and reliable communication provides a great contribution in a battle or conflict. The tactics used in naval wars determine the basis of communication. Considering the historical process in forms and vehicles of the naval wars, the importance of the communication between the admirals and the captains has always been high, so there has always been a new search for effective solution. From the researched/known archive information point of view, the war instruction issued by Captain James Dolfin for the Venetian fleet on September 9, 1365 was a first in this regard and was the ancestor of today's practices. This instruction, which was prepared in Latin and in the Venetian dialect, was first translated into Italian and later into English. Considering the maritime language used in the content of this directive, it is important that the translations were made by naval officers, thus increasing the reliability of the information. This study was carried out in order to present historical information on the related subject to the tacticians and planners in Turkish Naval Forces.
Keywords: Tactics, Communications, Galley, Maritime Language, Naval History.